1. Alexander, David & Alexander, Pat (Eds.). Eerdmans’ Handbook to the Bible. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1973.

2. Hastings, James. (Eds.). Dictionary of the Bible. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963.

3. Walvoord, John F. & Zuck, Roy B. The Bible Knowledge Commentary, New Testament. USA: SP Publication, Inc., 1985.

4. Unger, M. F. & Harrison, R. K. (Eds.). The New Unger’s Bible Dictionary. Chicago: The Moody Bible Institute of Chicago, 1988.

5. Douglas, J.D. (Ed.). The New Bible Dictionary. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1962

6. Keener, Craig S. The IVP Bible Background Commentary—New Testament. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1993.

7. Barker, Kenneth (Ed.). The NIV Study Bible - 10th Anniversary Edition. Grand Rapids: Zondervan Publishing House, 1995.

8. Tenney, M. C. (Ed.). The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible. Grand Rapids: The Zondervan Corporation, 1975

9. Gaebelein, Frank E. (Ed.). The Expositor’s Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: The Zondervan Corporation, 1981.

10.  Agnew, B.D. Milton (Ed.). Holy Bible, New King James Version: Personal Study Edition. Nashville: Thomas Nelson Publisher, 1995

11. StudyLight.org (2001-2003). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 22, 2003 from http://www.studylight.org/enc/isb

12. Henry, Matthew. An Exposition, with Practical Observations, of the Gospel According to St. Mark. Retrieved April 2, 2003 from http://www.blueletterbible.org

13. Jenson, Irving L., Mark: A Self Study Guide. Chicago: The Moody Bible Institute, 1972.